The calligraphy of the Qing Dynasty can be generally divided into two periods. The first period models after ancient rubbings before the Jiaqing and Daoguang reigns and the second models after newly excavated steles. In the early years, calligraphers like Weng Fanggang, Liu Yong, Liang Tongshu, and Wang Wenzhi learned from rubbings handed down from the past generations. After the Jiaqing and Daoguang reigns, with more ancient bronzes being discovered, seal script and official script witnessed great changes. The broadening of the range of the calligraphic canon influenced the works of calligraphers at that time. Calligraphers like Deng Shiru, Yi Binshou, Zhao Zhiqian and so on, ushered in new styles of the late Qing Dynasty by imitating the works of Wei steles and Han official script or bronze inscriptions and the scripts on the "stone drum".