Eastern Royal Tombs of the Qing Dynasty
Altar of the Land and Grain
Knocker Base
Scenic Openings |
The Eastern Royal Tombs of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) are among the largest and best preserved extant tomb complexes in China. Located in Zunhua County, Hebei Province, they are devoted to 5 emperor, 14 empresses and 136 imperial concubines of the Qing Dynasty and designated as a historic site under state protection. The tomb area extends 125 km from the north to the south and 20 km from the east to the west. It is surrounded by hills and mountains with Yandun Mountain and Tiantai Mountain towering against each other right in the south, forming a 50-meter-wide valley mouth generally known as Longmenkou (Dragon Doorway). The Eastern Qing Tombs began their construction from the second year of Kangxi (1663) and since then, 217 palaces and pailous (decorated archways) have been built, forming 15 cemeteries of various sizes. Xiaoling, the tomb of Emperor Shunzhi, is aligned as the axis at the foot of the south section of Changrui Mountain, with other tombs surrounding it. The Ming building in square city is the highest construction in the tome area. Inside the building there's a stele on which carved with Han, Manchurian, and Mongolian languages the names of persons who were buried there. Behind the building is Baoding, the grave mound pile, under which is the underground palace to shelter coffins. A 6-kilometer long and 12-meter wide sacred way links the Stone Archway at the south tip with the Baoding of Xiaoling in the north end, along which connects buildings like Grand Red Gate, Grand Archway, Dragon and Phoenix Gate, the Gate of Eminent Favor (Longenmen) in neat order showing master-subject relationship. The architectures in the Eastern Qing Tombs are grand, elegant and magnificent. The ancient architecture complex comprising of 580-odd individual buildings boast the largest extant stone archway in China, the uniquely-designed wooden-simulation structures, the best-preserved 6000-meter long sacred way. Stone Buddhist Statue in the underground palace of Yuling for Emperor Qianlong is of great artistic importance. And the most luxuriant three halls in the tome for Empress Dowager Cixi are all made of gold. The Eastern Qing Tombs apply exquisite techniques in wooden and stone structures. It can be called an agglomeration of palace architectures in the Qing Dynasty. The stone images in Xiaoling are of largest number, totally 18 pairs, simple but powerful; Yuling, tomb for Emperor Qianlong, is the largest and most magnificent; while Dingdongling at Putuo Pass, tomb for Empress Dowager Cixi, is the most elegant and delicate one. The Eastern Qing Tombs are included in the World Heritage List on November 30, 2000 for its historical, artistic and scientific importance. In January, 2001, they are designated as the national AAAA level scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration of the People's Republic of China. |











